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When Henry VIII of England broke away from the Church of Rome, he hoped his nephew, James V of Scotland, would do the same. However, when James refused to meet him in York to discuss it, Henry sent an army north to assert his “rights as Overlord.” In 1542, a 3,000-strong English force led by Robert Bowes, Warden of the East Marches, invaded but was met near Kelso by about 9,000 Scots under George Gordon, 4th Earl of Huntly, and soundly defeated. Historians still debate the exact number of Huntly’s troops.